# Overview Luke Chapter 22 begins with the plot to kill [[Jesus Christ (Multiple)|Jesus Christ]] by the chief priests and scribes, who are looking for a way to do so without causing a public uproar during the #Passover. This chapter is pivotal, as it marks the beginning of the #Passion of Jesus. #Judas Iscariot's betrayal is set in motion when #Satan enters him, and he agrees to betray Jesus to the chief priests for money. The chapter then transitions to the preparation for the #LastSupper, where Jesus instructs #Peter and #John to make arrangements. During the meal, Jesus institutes the #Lord'sSupper, symbolically breaking bread and sharing the cup, signifying his body and blood given for the forgiveness of sins, and establishing the New #Covenant. Later in the chapter, Jesus predicts #Peter's denial, despite Peter's protestations of loyalty, and warns his disciples about the coming trials. In the #GardenofGethsemane, Jesus prays earnestly, expressing deep anguish over the impending crucifixion, yet submitting to the #Father’s will. His arrest follows, as Judas leads the crowd to him. A disciple strikes the servant of the high priest, but Jesus heals the servant's ear, underscoring his mission of peace. Jesus is then led to the high priest's house, and Peter denies knowing him three times before the rooster crows, fulfilling Jesus' prophecy. The chapter closes with Jesus being mocked and beaten by the guards, and brought before the #Sanhedrin, where he declares his divine identity, setting the stage for his crucifixion. ## Theological Insights #Luke 22 presents profound theological insights into the #PassionNarrative, highlighting the themes of #betrayal, #suffering, #servanthood, and #redemption through the lens of [[Jesus Christ (Multiple)|Jesus Christ]]' final hours before the crucifixion. 1. **The Institution of the #Lord'sSupper**: In verses 14-20, Jesus establishes the #Eucharist, a central sacrament in #Christian worship. By breaking bread and sharing the cup, Jesus signifies the new #covenant in His blood, echoing the promises of redemption found in the #OldTestament, particularly in passages like [[Jeremiah/Jeremiah Chapter 31|Jeremiah 31:31-34]]. This act symbolizes Jesus' impending sacrificial death, meant for the forgiveness of sins and the establishment of a new relationship between God and humanity. 2. **Jesus' Foreknowledge and Sovereignty**: The chapter depicts Jesus' awareness of His forthcoming betrayal by #JudasIscariot (verses 21-23), pointing to His divine omniscience and the fulfillment of #prophecy. The betrayal itself is a fulfillment of scriptures such as [[Psalms/Psalms Chapter 41|Psalm 41:9]], which speaks of being betrayed by a close friend. 3. **Servanthood and Leadership**: In response to a dispute among the disciples over who is the greatest (verses 24-27), Jesus teaches about true greatness in the #KingdomOfGod. He contrasts worldly authority with divine servanthood, presenting Himself as the ultimate example of a servant leader. This reflects earlier teachings in #Mark and #Matthew, where the greatest in the kingdom is described as a servant (see [[Mark/Mark Chapter 10|Mark 10:43-45]]). 4. **The Agony in #Gethsemane**: Verses 39-46 reveal Jesus’ deep anguish in the #Garden of Gethsemane, where He prays for the cup of suffering to pass from Him, yet submits to the Father’s will. This scene underscores the humanity of Jesus and His obedience to the divine plan, as well as His role as the Suffering Servant prophesied in [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 53|Isaiah 53]]. 5. **Peter's Denial**: Jesus predicts #Peter's denial (verses 31-34), demonstrating His foreknowledge and highlighting the weakness of human resolve, even among the most devoted followers. Peter's eventual denial (verses 54-62) contrasts with Jesus’ faithfulness, providing a poignant lesson on human frailty and the need for divine strength and forgiveness. 6. **The Arrest and Trial**: The chapter concludes with Jesus’ arrest and trial (verses 47-71), showcasing His innocence and the unjust treatment He endured. These events fulfill the scriptures and illustrate the extent of Jesus’ suffering, aligning with prophecies about the #Messiah being oppressed and afflicted without retaliation (see [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 53|Isaiah 53:7-8]]). Overall, #Luke 22 profoundly encapsulates the beginning of the Passion, emphasizing Jesus’ willing sacrifice, His role as the Suffering Servant, and the establishment of the new covenant through His blood. These themes are central to the Christian understanding of redemption and the unfolding of God’s salvation plan through Jesus Christ. ## Thematic Connections ### Betrayal and Fulfillment of Scripture In Luke 22, the theme of #betrayal is prominent with the actions of #Judas Iscariot. His decision to betray [[Jesus Christ (Multiple)|Jesus Christ]] for money fulfills the prophecy found in [[Psalms/Psalms Chapter 41|Psalm 41:9]], which speaks of a close friend lifting his heel against the Messiah. This connection underscores the fulfillment of #OldTestament prophecies and the divine orchestration of events leading to Jesus' crucifixion. Similar themes of betrayal and fulfillment are echoed in the story of #Joseph in [[Genesis/Genesis Chapter 37]], where Joseph's brothers sell him into slavery, yet it ultimately leads to the fulfillment of God's plan. ### The Institution of the Lord's Supper The establishment of the #Lord'sSupper in Luke 22 highlights the theme of covenant and remembrance. This event ties back to the #Passover in [[Exodus/Exodus Chapter 12]], where the Israelites commemorated their deliverance from #Egypt with a sacrificial lamb. Jesus transforms the Passover meal into a new covenant through his own body and blood, symbolizing deliverance from sin. This connection to the Passover reinforces Jesus' role as the sacrificial Lamb of God, fulfilling the law and the prophets. ### The Struggle of Human Will and Divine Purpose In the Garden of #Gethsemane, Jesus' prayer reflects the tension between human will and divine purpose. His submission to the Father’s will despite the coming suffering is reminiscent of #Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice #Isaac in [[Genesis/Genesis Chapter 22]]. Both narratives emphasize obedience and trust in God's greater plan, even when it involves personal sacrifice or suffering. This theme invites reflection on the cost of discipleship and the call to align one's will with God's purposes. ### The Denial of Peter The denial of #Peter, forewarned by Jesus, illustrates the frailty of human resolve and the need for divine strength. This theme parallels the story of #Elijah, who despite his faith and victories, also experienced moments of fear and doubt as seen in [[1 Kings/1 Kings Chapter 19]]. Peter’s denial and subsequent restoration foreshadow the grace and forgiveness available through Jesus, emphasizing the theme of redemption and restoration despite human failure. ### The Sovereignty of God in Trials Throughout Luke 22, there is an underlying theme of God’s sovereignty in the unfolding events leading to Jesus’ crucifixion. Despite appearances, these events fulfill God’s redemptive plan, much like the trials faced by #Job in [[Job/Job Chapter 1]], where seemingly chaotic events serve a divine purpose. This theme reassures believers of God’s control and purpose even in the midst of trials and suffering, affirming the ultimate victory of God’s plan through Jesus. ## Prophetic Fulfillments ### The Betrayal for Thirty Pieces of Silver In Luke 22, the betrayal of [[Jesus Christ (Multiple)|Jesus Christ]] by #Judas Iscariot for thirty pieces of silver fulfills the prophecy found in [[Zechariah/Zechariah Chapter 11|Zechariah 11:12-13]]. This prophetic act highlights the rejection of the shepherd, symbolizing the nation's rejection of the Messiah, and reflects how Jesus' path aligns with the suffering servant foreseen in the Old Testament. ### The Passover Lamb The events of the Last Supper in Luke 22 fulfill the typology of the #Passover lamb, as seen in [[Exodus/Exodus Chapter 12|Exodus 12]]. Jesus institutes the #Lord’sSupper during the Passover meal, signifying that He is the true Passover Lamb whose sacrifice would bring about the deliverance from sin. This connection emphasizes Jesus as the fulfillment of the sacrificial system, prefigured by the lambs in Egypt. ### The Suffering Servant Jesus' announcement of his impending suffering and death in Luke 22 echoes the prophecy of the Suffering Servant found in [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 53|Isaiah 53]]. His submission to God’s will and acceptance of suffering reflects the prophetic vision of a servant who would bear the iniquities of many, reinforcing Jesus’ role as the Messiah who would bring redemption through his suffering. ### The Denial of Peter The prediction of #Peter's denial in Luke 22 fulfills Jesus’ own prophecy within the chapter and aligns with the broader narrative of human weakness and the need for a savior. It reinforces the theme of prophecy fulfillment concerning human fallibility and divine foreknowledge, as echoed in various Old Testament texts about human betrayal and divine redemption. ### The Prayer on the Mount of Olives Jesus’ prayer at the Mount of Olives and His agony align with the prophetic imagery of the Messiah’s suffering and intercession. This moment reflects the anguish described in passages like [[Psalm/Psalm Chapter 22|Psalm 22]], where the suffering servant cries out to God, and it underscores the fulfillment of the Messiah’s role as an intercessor and redeemer in the midst of trial. ### The Sword and the Arrest The arrest of Jesus in Luke 22, where He tells His disciples to put away their swords, fulfills the prophecy of a peaceful Messiah who would not rely on physical force, as prophesied in [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 9|Isaiah 9:6-7]]. This fulfillment highlights Jesus’ role in bringing a spiritual kingdom rather than a political one, aligning with the prophetic vision of a ruler who governs with justice and peace. ## Verses - **Luke 22:1** - "The Festival of Unleavened Bread, which is also called Passover, was approaching." - #FestivalOfUnleavenedBread #Passover - See also [[Exodus/Exodus Chapter 12]]. - **Luke 22:2** - "The leading priests and teachers of religious law were plotting how to kill Jesus, but they were afraid of the people’s reaction." - #LeadingPriests #ReligiousLaw #Plot - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]], [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:3** - "Then Satan entered into Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve disciples," - #Satan #JudasIscariot #Disciples - See also [[John/John Chapter 13]]. - **Luke 22:4** - "and he went to the leading priests and captains of the Temple guard to discuss the best way to betray Jesus to them." - #Betrayal #TempleGuard - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:5** - "They were delighted, and they promised to give him money." - #Money #Betrayal - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]], [[Zechariah/Zechariah Chapter 11]]. - **Luke 22:6** - "So he agreed and began looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus so they could arrest him when the crowds weren’t around." - #Betrayal #Arrest - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:7** - "Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread arrived, when the Passover lamb is sacrificed." - #PassoverLamb #FestivalOfUnleavenedBread - See also [[Exodus/Exodus Chapter 12]]. - **Luke 22:8** - "Jesus sent Peter and John ahead and said, 'Go and prepare the Passover meal, so we can eat it together.'" - #Peter #John #PassoverMeal - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]], [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:9** - "'Where do you want us to prepare it?' they asked him." - #Preparation - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:10** - "He replied, 'As soon as you enter Jerusalem, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him.'" - #Jerusalem #ManWithPitcher - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:11** - "'At the house he enters, say to the owner, "The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room where I can eat the Passover meal with my disciples?"'" - #GuestRoom #Teacher - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:12** - "He will take you upstairs to a large room that is already set up. That is where you should prepare our meal." - #LargeRoom #Preparation - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:13** - "They went off to the city and found everything just as Jesus had said, and they prepared the Passover meal there." - [[Jesus Christ (Multiple)|Jesus Christ]]'Instructions #PassoverMeal - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:14** - "When the time came, Jesus and the apostles sat down together at the table." - #Apostles #Table - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:15** - "Jesus said, 'I have been very eager to eat this Passover meal with you before my suffering begins.'" - #Eagerness #Suffering - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:16** - "For I tell you now that I won’t eat this meal again until its meaning is fulfilled in the Kingdom of God." - #KingdomOfGod #Fulfillment - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:17** - "Then he took a cup of wine and gave thanks to God for it. Then he said, 'Take this and share it among yourselves.'" - #CupOfWine #Thanks - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:18** - "For I will not drink wine again until the Kingdom of God has come." - #KingdomOfGod #Wine - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 14]]. - **Luke 22:19** - "He took some bread and gave thanks to God for it. Then he broke it in pieces and gave it to the disciples, saying, 'This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.'" - #Bread #Remembrance - See also [[1 Corinthians/1 Corinthians Chapter 11]]. - **Luke 22:20** - "After supper he took another cup of wine and said, 'This cup is the new covenant between God and his people—an agreement confirmed with my blood, which is poured out as a sacrifice for you.'" - #NewCovenant #Sacrifice - See also [[Jeremiah/Jeremiah Chapter 31]]. - **Luke 22:21** - "'But here at this table, sitting among us as a friend, is the man who will betray me.'" - #Betrayal #Table - See also [[John/John Chapter 13]]. - **Luke 22:22** - "For it has been determined that the Son of Man must die. But what sorrow awaits the one who betrays him." - #SonOfMan #Sorrow - See also [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 53]]. - **Luke 22:23** - "The disciples began to ask each other which of them would ever do such a thing." - #Disciples'Question #Betrayal - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:24** - "Then they began to argue among themselves about who would be the greatest among them." - #Argument #Greatness - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 10]]. - **Luke 22:25** - "Jesus told them, 'In this world the kings and great men lord it over their people, yet they are called “friends of the people.”'" - #Kings #FriendsOfThePeople - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 20]]. - **Luke 22:26** - "But among you it will be different. Those who are the greatest among you should take the lowest rank, and the leader should be like a servant." - #Servanthood #Leadership - See also [[Mark/Mark Chapter 10]]. - **Luke 22:27** - "Who is more important, the one who sits at the table or the one who serves? The one who sits at the table, of course. But not here! For I am among you as one who serves." - #Service #Importance - See also [[John/John Chapter 13]]. - **Luke 22:28** - "'You have stayed with me in my time of trial.'" - #Trial #Faithfulness - See also [[John/John Chapter 6]]. - **Luke 22:29** - "'And just as my Father has granted me a Kingdom, I now grant you the right'" - #Kingdom #Granting - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 19]]. - **Luke 22:30** - "'to eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. And you will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.'" - #TwelveTribes #Thrones - See also [[Revelation/Revelation Chapter 20]]. - **Luke 22:31** - "'Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift each of you like wheat.'" - #SimonPeter #Satan - See also [[Job/Job Chapter 1]]. - **Luke 22:32** - "'But I have pleaded in prayer for you, Simon, that your faith should not fail. So when you have repented and turned to me again, strengthen your brothers.'" - #Prayer #Repentance - See also [[John/John Chapter 21]]. - **Luke 22:33** - "Peter said, 'Lord, I am ready to go to prison with you, and even to die with you.'" - #Peter'sDeclaration #Loyalty - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:34** - "But Jesus said, 'Peter, let me tell you something. Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.'" - #Denial #Prophecy - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:35** - "Then Jesus asked them, 'When I sent you out to preach the Good News and you did not have money, a traveler’s bag, or an extra pair of sandals, did you need anything?' 'No,' they replied." - #GoodNews #Provision - See also [[Luke/Luke Chapter 9]]. - **Luke 22:36** - "'But now,' he said, 'take your money and a traveler’s bag. And if you don’t have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one!'" - #Preparation #Sword - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 10]]. - **Luke 22:37** - "For the time has come for this prophecy about me to be fulfilled: ‘He was counted among the rebels.’ Yes, everything written about me by the prophets will come true." - #Prophecy #Fulfillment - See also [[Isaiah/Isaiah Chapter 53]]. - **Luke 22:38** - "'Look, Lord,' they replied, 'we have two swords among us.' 'That’s enough,' he said." - #Swords #Enough - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:39** - "Then, accompanied by the disciples, Jesus left the upstairs room and went as usual to the Mount of Olives." - #MountOfOlives #Disciples - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:40** - "There he told them, 'Pray that you will not give in to temptation.'" - #Prayer #Temptation - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:41** - "He walked away, about a stone’s throw, and knelt down and prayed," - #Prayer #Kneeling - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:42** - "'Father, if you are willing, please take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet I want your will to be done, not mine.'" - #Suffering #God'sWill - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:43** - "Then an angel from heaven appeared and strengthened him." - #Angel #Strengthening - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:44** - "He prayed more fervently, and he was in such agony of spirit that his sweat fell to the ground like great drops of blood." - #Agony #Prayer - See also [[Hebrews/Hebrews Chapter 5]]. - **Luke 22:45** - "At last he stood up again and returned to the disciples, only to find them asleep, exhausted from grief." - #Disciples #Sleep - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:46** - "'Why are you sleeping?' he asked them. 'Get up and pray, so that you will not give in to temptation.'" - #Temptation #Prayer - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:47** - "But even as Jesus said this, a crowd approached, led by Judas, one of the twelve disciples. Judas walked over to Jesus to greet him with a kiss." - #Judas #BetrayalKiss - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:48** - "But Jesus said, 'Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?'" - #Betrayal #SonOfMan - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:49** - "When the other disciples saw what was about to happen, they exclaimed, 'Lord, should we fight? We brought the swords!'" - #Disciples #Swords - See also [[John/John Chapter 18]]. - **Luke 22:50** - "And one of them struck at the high priest’s slave, slashing off his right ear." - #HighPriest #Slave - See also [[John/John Chapter 18]]. - **Luke 22:51** - "But Jesus said, 'No more of this.' And he touched the man’s ear and healed him." - #Healing #Miracle - See also [[John/John Chapter 18]]. - **Luke 22:52** - "Then Jesus spoke to the leading priests, the captains of the Temple guard, and the elders who had come for him. 'Am I some dangerous revolutionary,' he asked, 'that you come with swords and clubs to arrest me?'" - #Arrest #Revolutionary - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:53** - "'Why didn’t you arrest me in the Temple? I was there every day. But this is your moment, the time when the power of darkness reigns.'" - #Temple #Darkness - See also [[John/John Chapter 18]]. - **Luke 22:54** - "So they arrested him and led him to the high priest’s home. And Peter followed at a distance." - #Arrest #Peter - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:55** - "The guards lit a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat around it, and Peter joined them there." - #Guards #Courtyard - See also [[John/John Chapter 18]]. - **Luke 22:56** - "A servant girl noticed him in the firelight and began staring at him. Finally she said, 'This man was one of Jesus’ followers!'" - #ServantGirl #Recognition - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:57** - "But Peter denied it. 'Woman,' he said, 'I don’t even know him!'" - #Denial #Peter - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:58** - "After a while someone else looked at him and said, 'You must be one of them!' 'No, man, I’m not!' Peter retorted." - #Denial #Peter - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:59** - "About an hour later someone else insisted, 'This must be one of them, because he is a Galilean too.'" - #Galilean #Recognition - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:60** - "But Peter said, 'Man, I don’t know what you are talking about.' And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed." - #Denial #RoosterCrows - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:61** - "At that moment the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Suddenly, the Lord’s words flashed through Peter’s mind: 'Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.'" - #Peter #Lord'sWords - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:62** - "And Peter left the courtyard, weeping bitterly." - #Weeping #Peter - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:63** - "The guards in charge of Jesus began mocking and beating him." - #Mocking #Beating - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:64** - "They blindfolded him and said, 'Prophesy to us! Who hit you that time?'" - #Blindfolded #Prophesy - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:65** - "And they hurled all sorts of terrible insults at him." - #Insults #Mocking - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:66** - "At daybreak all the elders of the people assembled, including the leading priests and the teachers of religious law. Jesus was led before this high council," - #HighCouncil #Elders - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:67** - "and they said, 'Tell us, are you the Messiah?' But he replied, 'If I tell you, you won’t believe me.'" - #Messiah #Belief - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:68** - "'And if I ask you a question, you won’t answer.'" - #Question #Answer - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:69** - "But from now on the Son of Man will be seated in the place of power at God’s right hand." - #SonOfMan #GodsRightHand - See also [[Psalm/Psalm Chapter 110]]. - **Luke 22:70** - "They all shouted, 'So, are you claiming to be the Son of God?' And he replied, 'You say that I am.'" - #SonOfGod #Claim - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]]. - **Luke 22:71** - "'Why do we need other witnesses?' they said. 'We ourselves heard him say it.'" - #Witnesses #Testimony - See also [[Matthew/Matthew Chapter 26]].