Charis is a feminine noun, often used in the dative case in this chapter, indicating the means by which salvation is given.
Cultural context
In Greco-Roman culture, charis was associated with favor or kindness, often in a reciprocal relationship. In the New Testament, it emphasizes unmerited favor from God.
Theological significance
Grace is central to Paul's theology, emphasizing that salvation is a gift from God, not earned by works, highlighting the theme of divine initiative in salvation.
Ergon is a neuter noun, used here to contrast human effort with divine grace.
Cultural context
In the Greco-Roman world, ergon could refer to deeds or tasks, often associated with moral or religious obligations.
Theological significance
Paul contrasts works with grace to emphasize that salvation is not earned, yet he affirms that believers are created for good works as a result of salvation.