1st Century AD (Early Roman Empire)
The Jewish people were living under Roman occupation, with a strong expectation of a Messiah who would deliver them from foreign rule.
Judea was a Roman province governed by local rulers under the oversight of the Roman Empire. Herod Antipas was the tetrarch of Galilee during this time.
The events in Mark 1 occur in the region of Galilee, specifically around the Jordan River where John the Baptist was baptizing, and in the city of Capernaum.
Baptism was a ritual of purification, and the Jewish people were familiar with prophetic figures calling for repentance. The expectation of a coming Messiah was prevalent.
John the Baptist
Forerunner of Jesus, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
Jesus