5th Century BC
The Jewish people were in exile under Persian rule, having been previously exiled by the Babylonians. The return to Jerusalem was a significant event for the Jewish community, symbolizing a restoration of their identity and religious practices.
The Persian Empire was the dominant power, with King Artaxerxes I ruling over a vast territory that included the land of Judah. The Persian kings were generally supportive of the Jews returning to their homeland, as seen in the decrees allowing the rebuilding of the temple and the city.
The events take place in Susa, the winter capital of the Persian Empire, and Jerusalem, the city in Judah that Nehemiah is tasked with rebuilding.
The role of a cupbearer was one of trust and influence, as they were responsible for serving the king's wine and ensuring it was not poisoned. Nehemiah's position allowed him direct access to the king, which was crucial for his mission.
Nehemiah
Cupbearer to King Artaxerxes and later appointed governor of Judah, tasked with rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem.
Artaxerxes I
King of Persia who grants Nehemiah permission to return to Jerusalem and rebuild its walls.