Authority
Authority in this context refers to the governing powers established by God. Paul emphasizes that all authority is instituted by God, and therefore, resisting authority equates to resisting God's ordinance.
This symbol underscores the sovereignty of God over human institutions and the call for Christians to live in submission to lawful authority as an expression of their submission to God.
In the Roman Empire, authority was centralized and often oppressive. Paul’s instruction to submit to authority was radical, emphasizing peace and order.