The term is a feminine noun, often used in the context of legal or moral righteousness, indicating a state of being right or just.
Cultural context
In the Greco-Roman world, righteousness was often associated with justice and the fulfillment of legal obligations. In Jewish thought, it was closely tied to covenant faithfulness.
Theological significance
Paul uses δικαιοσύνη to describe the righteousness that comes from God through faith in Jesus Christ, contrasting it with the condemnation brought by Adam's sin.
The term is a feminine noun, emphasizing unmerited favor or kindness, often in the context of divine favor.
Cultural context
In the ancient world, grace was often understood as a favor done without expectation of return, a concept that was revolutionary in the context of divine-human relationships.
Theological significance
Paul emphasizes grace as the means by which believers receive justification and eternal life, contrasting it with the law and sin.
The term is a feminine noun, indicating a change from enmity to friendship, often used in the context of restoring relationships.
Cultural context
Reconciliation was a significant concept in both Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures, often involving the restoration of peace and harmony between parties.
Theological significance
Paul uses καταλλαγή to describe the restored relationship between God and humanity through the death of Jesus Christ, highlighting the peace and unity brought by the gospel.