The chapter begins with a recounting of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob. Over time, the Israelites multiply and become exceedingly numerous, which causes concern for a new Pharaoh who did not know Joseph. Fearing their numbers, Pharaoh enslaves the Israelites and subjects them to harsh labor.
Theological significance
This event highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be numerous (Genesis 15:5). It also sets the stage for God's deliverance, showcasing His sovereignty and faithfulness even amidst suffering.
In the broader story
The oppression of the Israelites in Egypt sets the stage for the Exodus, a pivotal event in the biblical narrative that prefigures Christ's deliverance of humanity from sin. It also reflects the recurring theme of God's people facing trials and God's eventual deliverance.
In response to the continued growth of the Israelite population, Pharaoh orders the Hebrew midwives to kill all newborn Hebrew boys. However, the midwives fear God and disobey Pharaoh, allowing the boys to live. God blesses the midwives for their faithfulness.
Theological significance
This event underscores the theme of fearing God over man, as the midwives' actions demonstrate faith and courage. It also highlights God's protection and blessing upon those who honor Him.
In the broader story
The decree to kill Hebrew boys foreshadows Herod's massacre of infants in an attempt to kill Jesus (Matthew 2:16-18). It also sets the stage for the birth and preservation of Moses, who will lead Israel out of Egypt.
In the order the chapter tells them. The corpus records sequence, not dates — biblical chronology is contested, and this does not take a position on it.