Dross
Dross refers to the impurities that are removed from metal during the refining process. In this chapter, Israel is compared to dross, indicating their moral and spiritual corruption.
The imagery of dross highlights the need for purification and judgment. It underscores God's holiness and the necessity of removing sin to restore righteousness.
In ancient metallurgy, dross was considered worthless and was discarded. This metaphor would resonate with the audience, emphasizing the severity of Israel's sin.