6th Century BC (During the Babylonian Exile)
The Israelites were in exile in Babylon, and the surrounding nations had their own deities and practices, often hostile to Israel.
The Babylonian Empire was the dominant power, having conquered Jerusalem and exiled many of its inhabitants. The surrounding nations, such as Ammon, Moab, Edom, and Philistia, were often in conflict with Israel.
The chapter addresses nations east and south of Israel: Ammon, Moab, Edom, and Philistia, regions that bordered Israel and Judah.
The nations mentioned had their own gods and religious practices, often in opposition to the worship of Yahweh. They were known for their hostility towards Israel, which is addressed in the prophetic judgments.
Ammonites
A nation east of Israel, often in conflict with Israel.
Moabites
A nation east of the Dead Sea, related to Israel through Lot.
Edomites
Descendants of Esau, often hostile to Israel.
Philistines
A seafaring people on the southwestern coast of Canaan, frequent adversaries of Israel.