Late 7th to early 6th Century BC
The Near Eastern world was characterized by a mix of polytheistic beliefs and the worship of Yahweh by the Israelites. The surrounding nations had their own deities and religious practices.
The region was dominated by the Babylonian Empire, which was expanding its influence over the former Assyrian territories, including Judah and its neighbors.
The chapter addresses several nations: Ammon, Edom, Damascus, Kedar, Hazor, and Elam, each located in the Near East, surrounding the land of Israel.
The nations mentioned had their own customs and societal structures, often centered around city-states or tribal confederations. Warfare and alliances were common as they vied for power and survival.
Nebuchadnezzar
King of Babylon, under whose reign the Babylonian Empire expanded significantly.