5th Century BC (Post-Exilic Period)
The Jewish people were returning from Babylonian exile, seeking to rebuild their community and religious practices in Jerusalem.
The Persian Empire, under King Artaxerxes, was the dominant power, having conquered Babylon and allowed exiled peoples to return to their homelands.
Susa (Shushan), the winter capital of the Persian Empire, where Nehemiah served as cupbearer to the king.
The Jewish community was focused on restoring their religious identity and practices, including the rebuilding of Jerusalem and its temple, which were central to their faith and culture.
Nehemiah
Cupbearer to King Artaxerxes and later governor of Judah, tasked with rebuilding Jerusalem's walls.
Artaxerxes
King of Persia, under whose reign Nehemiah served and sought permission to rebuild Jerusalem.