Paul
Apostle and author of the Epistle to the Romans.
In Romans 9, Paul expresses his deep sorrow for Israel's unbelief and discusses God's sovereign choice in election, using examples from Israel's history.
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Key Figures — Romans 9
5 figures
Isaac
Child of promise and son of Abraham.
Paul uses Isaac as an example of God's promise and election, contrasting him with Ishmael to illustrate that not all descendants of Abraham are children of the promise.
Related passagesJacob
Chosen son of Isaac and father of the twelve tribes of Israel.
Paul highlights Jacob's selection over Esau to demonstrate God's sovereign choice, emphasizing that God's purpose in election is not based on human works.
Related passagesEsau
Elder son of Isaac, brother of Jacob.
Esau is used as an example of God's sovereign choice, as he was not chosen despite being the firstborn, illustrating that God's purposes transcend human expectations.
Pharaoh
Ruler of Egypt during the Exodus.
Paul references Pharaoh to illustrate God's power and purpose in hardening hearts, showing that God's will is accomplished even through those who oppose Him.
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