During the time of the Judges, approximately 12th to 11th Century BC
The narrative occurs in a period characterized by decentralized tribal leadership in Israel, where the social and legal customs were heavily influenced by the Mosaic Law.
Israel was not a unified nation but a confederation of tribes. There was no central monarchy, and leadership was provided by judges who arose in times of crisis.
The events take place in Bethlehem, a town in the tribal territory of Judah, which later becomes significant as the birthplace of King David and Jesus Christ.
The concept of the kinsman-redeemer (Hebrew: 'goel') is central, where a close relative has the duty to marry a widow to preserve the family line and property. This reflects the importance of family lineage and inheritance in Israelite society.
Boaz
A wealthy landowner and kinsman-redeemer who marries Ruth.
Ruth
Naomi
Ruth's mother-in-law, who returns to Bethlehem after the death of her husband and sons.