10th Century BC
The Israelites were under the united monarchy of King David, experiencing a period of military expansion and consolidation of power.
David's kingdom was expanding, and he was establishing dominance over neighboring nations, including the Ammonites and Arameans.
The events occur in the region of Ammon, east of the Jordan River, and involve the city of Rabbah, the capital of the Ammonites.
Diplomatic relations were often tense, and acts of humiliation or disrespect could lead to war. The shaving of beards and cutting of garments were seen as severe insults.
David
King of Israel, leading military campaigns against surrounding nations.
Hanun
King of the Ammonites, who misinterprets David's intentions and humiliates his envoys.
Joab
Commander of David's army, leading the battle against the Ammonites and Arameans.