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1 Samuel 21

World English Bible

WEB

1Then David came to Nob to Ahimelech the priest. Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no man with you?” 2David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has commanded me to do something, and has said to me, ‘Let no one know anything about the business about which I send you, and what I have commanded you. I have sent the young men to a certain place.’ 3Now therefore what is under your hand? Please give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or whatever is available.” 4The priest answered David, and said, “I have no common bread, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.” 5David answered the priest, and said to him, “Truly, women have been kept from us as usual these three days. When I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was only a common journey. How much more then today shall their vessels be holy?” 6So the priest gave him holy bread; for there was no bread there but the show bread that was taken from before Yahweh, to be replaced with hot bread in the day when it was taken away. 7Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before Yahweh; and his name was Doeg the Edomite, the best of the herdsmen who belonged to Saul. 8David said to Ahimelech, “Isn’t there here under your hand spear or sword? For I haven’t brought my sword or my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.” 9The priest said, “Behold, the sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you would like to take that, take it, for there is no other except that here.” David said, “There is none like that. Give it to me.” 10David arose and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath. 11The servants of Achish said to him, “Isn’t this David the king of the land? Didn’t they sing to one another about him in dances, saying, ‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands’?” 12David laid up these words in his heart, and was very afraid of Achish the king of Gath. 13He changed his behavior before them and pretended to be insane in their hands, and scribbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down on his beard. 14Then Achish said to his servants, “Look, you see the man is insane. Why then have you brought him to me? 15Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? Should this fellow come into my house?”

World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org

Overview

1 Samuel Chapter 21 presents a critical moment in the life of David as he flees from King Saul, who is intent on killing him. This chapter begins with David arriving at Nob, where he seeks help from Ahimelech the priest. David lies to Ahimelech, claiming he is on a secret mission for the king, and requests bread for himself and his men. Ahimelech provides him with the consecrated bread, which is typically reserved for the priests, highlighting the theme of necessity over ritual law. This act of compassion illustrates God’s provision even in desperate circumstances, as David is in need of sustenance while on the run. The mention of the showbread also foreshadows the spiritual significance of Jesus as the Bread of Life in the New Testament (John6:35).

As the chapter progresses, David also asks for a weapon, and Ahimelech provides him with the sword of Goliath, the giant he had previously defeated. This sword symbolizes David's past victories and God's faithfulness in delivering him from his enemies. However, the chapter takes a darker turn when Doeg the Edomite, a servant of Saul, witnesses David's visit to Nob. This encounter leads to tragic consequences, as Doeg later informs Saul, resulting in the massacre of the priests at Nob. This event underscores the perilous nature of David's situation and the lengths to which Saul will go to eliminate his rival. Overall, 1 Samuel 21 illustrates themes of divine provision, the consequences of deception, and the unfolding conflict between David and Saul, setting the stage for David's eventual rise to kingship.

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Referenced by

  1. 1 Samuel 27:12v10In 1 Samuel 27:12, Achish trusts David, believing he has made himself odious to Israel. This contrasts with 1 Samuel 21:10-15, where David feigned madness before Achish to escape. The change in Achish's perception shows David's strategic maneuvering.

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