Esther 1
World English Bible
WEB1Now in the days of Ahasuerus (this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India even to Ethiopia, over one hundred twenty-seven provinces), 2in those days, when the King Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Susa the palace, 3in the third year of his reign, he made a feast for all his princes and his servants; the army of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces being before him. 4He displayed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honor of his excellent majesty many days, even one hundred eighty days. 5When these days were fulfilled, the king made a seven day feast for all the people who were present in Susa the palace, both great and small, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace. 6There were hangings of white and blue material, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and marble pillars. The couches were of gold and silver, on a pavement of red, white, yellow, and black marble. 7They gave them drinks in golden vessels of various kinds, including royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king. 8In accordance with the law, the drinking was not compulsory; for so the king had instructed all the officials of his house, that they should do according to every man’s pleasure. 9Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal house which belonged to King Ahasuerus. 10On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcass, the seven eunuchs who served in the presence of Ahasuerus the king, 11to bring Vashti the queen before the king wearing the royal crown, to show the people and the princes her beauty; for she was beautiful. 12But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s commandment by the eunuchs. Therefore the king was very angry, and his anger burned in him. 13Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times (for it was the king’s custom to consult those who knew law and judgment; 14and next to him were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king’s face, and sat first in the kingdom), 15“What shall we do to Queen Vashti according to law, because she has not done the bidding of the King Ahasuerus by the eunuchs?” 16Memucan answered before the king and the princes, “Vashti the queen has not done wrong to just the king, but also to all the princes, and to all the people who are in all the provinces of the King Ahasuerus. 17For this deed of the queen will become known to all women, causing them to show contempt for their husbands when it is reported, ‘King Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she didn’t come.’ 18Today, the princesses of Persia and Media who have heard of the queen’s deed will tell all the king’s princes. This will cause much contempt and wrath. 19“If it pleases the king, let a royal commandment go from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, so that it cannot be altered, that Vashti may never again come before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate to another who is better than she. 20When the king’s decree which he shall make is published throughout all his kingdom (for it is great), all the wives will give their husbands honor, both great and small.” 21This advice pleased the king and the princes, and the king did according to the word of Memucan: 22for he sent letters into all the king’s provinces, into every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, that every man should rule his own house, speaking in the language of his own people.
World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org
Overview
Esther Chapter 1 introduces us to the Persian Empire during the reign of King Ahasuerus, also known as Xerxes. The chapter sets the stage for the events that will unfold in the story of Esther by describing a grand feast that the king throws for his nobles and officials, lasting for 180 days. This lavish display of wealth and power serves to highlight the king's authority and the opulence of his kingdom, which stretches from India to Cush (#Ahasuerus, #Xerxes). The chapter emphasizes the king's desire to showcase his glory and the might of his empire.
As the feast continues, Queen Vashti is summoned to appear before the king and his guests to display her beauty. However, she refuses to come, which angers Ahasuerus. In his rage, the king consults his wise men about how to deal with Vashti's disobedience. They advise him that her actions could inspire other women in the kingdom to disrespect their husbands, leading to chaos. Consequently, Ahasuerus decides to depose Vashti and seeks a new queen, setting the stage for Esther's rise to prominence. This chapter highlights themes of power, authority, and the consequences of defiance, which are pivotal as the narrative unfolds in the subsequent chapters of Esther's story.
Referenced by
- 1 Chronicles 12:32v131 Chronicles 12:32 highlights the men of Issachar who understood the times and knew what Israel should do, akin to the wise men in Esther 1:13 who understood the times. Both passages emphasize the importance of wisdom and discernment in leadership.
- Daniel 11:2v1Daniel 11:2 mentions the rise of three more kings in Persia, followed by a fourth who will be far richer. This aligns with the historical context of the Persian Empire during the time of Esther, where King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) is depicted as a wealthy and powerful ruler.
Topics in this chapter
- Providence
- Sovereignty of God
- Authority
- Feast
- Vashti
- Ahasuerus
- Humility
- Persian Empire
- Pride
- Discernment
- Divine Providence
- Justice
- Law
- Royal Decree
- Susa
- Wisdom
- Art in the Bible
- Community
- Conviction
- Counsel
- Counselor
- Courage
- Cultural Norms in the Bible
- Culture
- Decree
- Defiance
- Divine Intervention
- Divine Plan
- Divine Principles
- Divine Sovereignty
- Excess
- Gender Equality in the Bible
- Gender Roles in the Bible
- God's Plan
- God's Standards
- Honor
- Household Order
- Indulgence
- Influence
- Integrity
- Irrevocable
- King
- Kingdom of God
- Literature in the Bible
- Marriage
- Memucan
- Obedience
- Patriarchy
- Persia
- Power
- Queen
- Queen Vashti
- Relationships in the Bible
- Respect
- Royal Feast
- Royalty in the Bible
- Self-Control
- Wise Counsel
- Women's Rights in the Bible
Related chapters
- Esther 2AhasuerusQueenPersia
- Daniel 6Decree
- Esther 5AhasuerusQueenFeast
- Esther 8DecreeAhasuerusQueen
- Esther 7AhasuerusQueenFeast
- Esther 3AhasuerusPersiaSusa
- Esther 6AhasuerusSusaPersian Empire
- Genesis 50HonorRespectDivine Providence
- Daniel 5FeastPride
- Daniel 4Kingdom of GodPride
- Esther 10AhasuerusPersiaSusa
- Daniel 8SusaPersian EmpireKingdom of God
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