Time period
15th Century BC (Traditional Dating of the Exodus)
Cultural background
The Israelites were enslaved in Egypt, living under harsh conditions and awaiting deliverance as promised by God to their ancestors.
Political environment
Egypt was a powerful empire ruled by Pharaoh, who was considered a god-king. The plagues were a direct challenge to Pharaoh's authority and the Egyptian pantheon.
Geographical setting
The events occur in Egypt, specifically in the land of Goshen where the Israelites resided, and the broader Egyptian territory affected by the plagues.
Societal norms
Egyptian society was polytheistic, with Pharaoh seen as a divine figure. The plagues, including the final plague announced in this chapter, were a direct affront to Egyptian gods and societal beliefs.
Significant figures
Pharaoh
Moses
Connected events