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Exodus 12

World English Bible

WEB

1Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2“This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year to you. 3Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this month, they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household; 4and if the household is too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor next to his house shall take one according to the number of the souls. You shall make your count for the lamb according to what everyone can eat. 5Your lamb shall be without defect, a male a year old. You shall take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month; and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at evening. 7They shall take some of the blood, and put it on the two door posts and on the lintel, on the houses in which they shall eat it. 8They shall eat the meat in that night, roasted with fire, with unleavened bread. They shall eat it with bitter herbs. 9Don’t eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted with fire; with its head, its legs and its inner parts. 10You shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; but that which remains of it until the morning you shall burn with fire. 11This is how you shall eat it: with your belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste: it is Yahweh’s Passover. 12For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal. I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt. I am Yahweh. 13The blood shall be to you for a token on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. 14This day shall be a memorial for you. You shall keep it as a feast to Yahweh. You shall keep it as a feast throughout your generations by an ordinance forever. 15“‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; even the first day you shall put away yeast out of your houses, for whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. 16In the first day there shall be to you a holy convocation, and in the seventh day a holy convocation; no kind of work shall be done in them, except that which every man must eat, only that may be done by you. 17You shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this same day I have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations by an ordinance forever. 18In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty first day of the month at evening. 19There shall be no yeast found in your houses for seven days, for whoever eats that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a foreigner, or one who is born in the land. 20You shall eat nothing leavened. In all your habitations you shall eat unleavened bread.’” 21Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said to them, “Draw out, and take lambs according to your families, and kill the Passover. 22You shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two door posts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23For Yahweh will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two door posts, Yahweh will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you. 24You shall observe this thing for an ordinance to you and to your sons forever. 25It shall happen when you have come to the land which Yahweh will give you, as he has promised, that you shall keep this service. 26It will happen, when your children ask you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27that you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of Yahweh’s Passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians, and spared our houses.’” The people bowed their heads and worshiped. 28The children of Israel went and did so; as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 29At midnight, Yahweh struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. 30Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31He called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise up, get out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel; and go, serve Yahweh, as you have said! 32Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also!” 33The Egyptians were urgent with the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, “We are all dead men.” 34The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. 35The children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing. 36Yahweh gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. They plundered the Egyptians. 37The children of Israel traveled from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot who were men, in addition to children. 38A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock. 39They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought out of Egypt; for it wasn’t leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and couldn’t wait, and they had not prepared any food for themselves. 40Now the time that the children of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41At the end of four hundred thirty years, to the day, all of Yahweh’s armies went out from the land of Egypt. 42It is a night to be much observed to Yahweh for bringing them out from the land of Egypt. This is that night of Yahweh, to be much observed by all the children of Israel throughout their generations. 43Yahweh said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover. No foreigner shall eat of it, 44but every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then shall he eat of it. 45A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it. 46It must be eaten in one house. You shall not carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones. 47All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48When a stranger lives as a foreigner with you, and would like to keep the Passover to Yahweh, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it. He shall be as one who is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. 49One law shall be to him who is born at home, and to the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you.” 50All the children of Israel did so. As Yahweh commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 51That same day, Yahweh brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org

Overview

Exodus Chapter 12 is a pivotal chapter in the narrative of the Israelites' deliverance from slavery in Egypt. It details the institution of the Passover, a significant event that marks the beginning of Israel's liberation. God commands Moses and Aaron to instruct the Israelites to select a #lamb without blemish, one for each household, and to sacrifice it on the fourteenth day of the month. The blood of the lamb is to be applied to the doorposts and lintels of their homes as a sign, so that when the Lord passes through Egypt to strike down the firstborn, He will 'pass over' the houses marked with blood, sparing them from judgment. This act of faith and obedience becomes a lasting ordinance for the Israelites, commemorating their deliverance and God's mercy.

The chapter also outlines the specific instructions for the Passover meal, which includes eating unleavened bread and bitter herbs, symbolizing the haste of their departure and the bitterness of slavery. God emphasizes the importance of remembering this day and teaching future generations about the significance of the Passover, as it represents not only physical deliverance but also spiritual redemption. The chapter concludes with the execution of God's judgment against the Egyptians, leading to the release of the Israelites, thus fulfilling His promise to bring them out of bondage. This event is foundational in the history of Israel and foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the #Lamb of God, whose blood saves believers from eternal death.

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Referenced by

  1. Genesis 15:13-14v40Genesis 15:13-14 foretells the 400 years of affliction for Abram's descendants in a foreign land, which is fulfilled in Exodus 12:40-41 when the Israelites leave Egypt after 430 years.
  2. Exodus 11:4-5v29Exodus 11:4-5 predicts the death of the firstborn in Egypt, which is fulfilled in Exodus 12:29-30, demonstrating God's judgment and the seriousness of His commands.
  3. Leviticus 2:11v15Leviticus 2:11 prohibits leaven in grain offerings, paralleling the command in Exodus 12:15 to remove leaven during Passover, symbolizing purity and separation from sin.
  4. Leviticus 7:15v10Leviticus 7:15 states that the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offerings must be eaten on the same day, similar to the Passover lamb in Exodus 12:10, which also must not be left until morning.
  5. Leviticus 23:5v1Leviticus 23:5 details the Passover, which commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt as described in Exodus 12:1-14, highlighting God's salvation and the establishment of Israel as His people.
  6. Leviticus 23:6v15Leviticus 23:6 describes the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which follows Passover and is also commanded in Exodus 12:15-20, symbolizing the haste of the Israelites' departure from Egypt and the call to holiness.
  7. Numbers 1:3v37Numbers 1:3 specifies the age and ability for military service, which relates to Exodus 12:37 where the number of men who left Egypt is mentioned, highlighting the growth and preparation of Israel as a nation.
  8. Numbers 9:2v14Numbers 9:2 commands the Israelites to keep the Passover at its appointed time, which is first instituted in Exodus 12:14 as a perpetual ordinance for the Israelites.
  9. Numbers 28:16v1Numbers 28:16 refers to the Passover, which is instituted in Exodus 12:1-14, underscoring the deliverance of Israel from Egypt and the significance of redemption.
  10. Numbers 33:1-2v37Numbers 33:1-2 begins the recounting of the Israelites' journey from Egypt, which started with their departure as described in Exodus 12:37-39.
  11. Numbers 33:3-4v29Numbers 33:3-4 recounts the departure from Egypt on the day after the Passover, which corresponds to the events of the final plague in Exodus 12:29-30.
  12. Deuteronomy 16:1v2Deuteronomy 16:1 commands the observance of the month of Abib for Passover, which is first instituted in Exodus 12:2 as the beginning of months for Israel, marking their deliverance from Egypt.
  13. Deuteronomy 16:3v8Deuteronomy 16:3 instructs the eating of unleavened bread, the 'bread of affliction,' during Passover, which is also commanded in Exodus 12:8 as part of the original Passover meal.
  14. Joshua 1:11v11Joshua 1:11 instructs the people to prepare provisions for crossing the Jordan, reminiscent of the preparation for the Passover in Exodus 12:11, symbolizing readiness for God's deliverance.
  15. Joshua 2:18v13The scarlet cord in Joshua 2:18 as a sign of protection parallels the blood on the doorposts in Exodus 12:13 during the Passover, symbolizing salvation and deliverance.
  16. Joshua 5:10v24Joshua 5:10 records the Israelites celebrating Passover in the Promised Land, connecting to the original Passover instructions in Exodus 12:24-27.
  17. 1 Kings 6:1v401 Kings 6:1 marks the 480th year after the Israelites came out of Egypt, connecting to Exodus 12:40-41, which records the duration of the Israelites' stay in Egypt as 430 years. This establishes a timeline from the Exodus to the building of the Temple.
  18. 2 Kings 19:35v292 Kings 19:35 describes the angel of the Lord striking down the Assyrian army, reminiscent of the angel of death in Exodus 12:29 during the Passover, demonstrating God's power to deliver His people.
  19. 2 Kings 23:21v142 Kings 23:21 records Josiah's command to keep the Passover, echoing the original institution of the Passover in Exodus 12:14 as a lasting ordinance.
  20. 2 Chronicles 35:1v12 Chronicles 35:1 describes King Josiah's observance of the Passover, which is rooted in the original institution of the Passover in Exodus 12:1-14, highlighting the continuity of this important feast in Israel's history.
  21. Ezra 2:64-65v37Ezra 2:64-65 gives the total number of the assembly returning from exile, reminiscent of the Exodus 12:37 account of the Israelites leaving Egypt, symbolizing a new beginning and deliverance.
  22. Ezra 6:19v6Ezra 6:19 records the celebration of Passover, which is instituted in Exodus 12:6, highlighting the continuity of Israel's religious observance and identity.
  23. Esther 9:28v14Esther 9:28 emphasizes the perpetual observance of Purim, similar to the perpetual observance of Passover in Exodus 12:14, both serving as reminders of God's deliverance.
  24. Psalms 136:10v29Psalm 136:10 recalls the striking down of the firstborn in Egypt, an event described in Exodus 12:29, demonstrating God's deliverance of Israel from bondage.
  25. Isaiah 19:1v12Isaiah 19:1 speaks of the Lord riding on a swift cloud to come to Egypt, which echoes the judgment against the gods of Egypt in Exodus 12:12 during the Passover.
  26. Ezekiel 45:18v2Ezekiel 45:18 speaks of the first month and the cleansing of the sanctuary, paralleling the establishment of the first month as the beginning of the year in Exodus 12:2 for the Passover.
  27. Amos 2:10v51Amos 2:10 recalls God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, which is the event described in Exodus 12:51 when the Lord brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.
  28. Matthew 26:2v6Matthew 26:2 mentions the Passover, which is rooted in Exodus 12:6 where the Passover lamb is sacrificed. This connection highlights Jesus as the ultimate Passover Lamb.
  29. John 1:29v3John 1:29 identifies Jesus as the Lamb of God, which connects to the Passover lamb in Exodus 12, symbolizing Jesus as the ultimate sacrifice for sin.
  30. John 19:36v46John 19:36 notes that none of Jesus' bones were broken, fulfilling the Passover lamb requirement in Exodus 12:46, symbolizing Jesus as the perfect Passover Lamb.
  31. Acts 12:23v29Acts 12:23 describes the death of Herod by an angel of the Lord, reminiscent of the angel of death in Exodus 12:29 during the Passover in Egypt.
  32. 1 Corinthians 5:7v151 Corinthians 5:7 calls believers to 'cleanse out the old leaven' in reference to the Passover, paralleling Exodus 12:15 where the Israelites are instructed to remove leaven from their houses, symbolizing the removal of sin.
  33. Revelation 9:4v23Revelation 9:4 instructs the locusts not to harm those with the seal of God, similar to how the Israelites were protected by the blood of the lamb during the Passover in Exodus 12:23.

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