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2 Kings 23

World English Bible

WEB

1The king sent, and they gathered to him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem. 2The king went up to Yahweh’s house, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him—with the priests, the prophets, and all the people, both small and great; and he read in their hearing all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in Yahweh’s house. 3The king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before Yahweh to walk after Yahweh and to keep his commandments, his testimonies, and his statutes with all his heart and all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant that were written in this book; and all the people agreed to the covenant. 4The king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the threshold, to bring out of Yahweh’s temple all the vessels that were made for Baal, for the Asherah, and for all the army of the sky; and he burned them outside of Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron, and carried their ashes to Bethel. 5He got rid of the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah and in the places around Jerusalem; those also who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the planets, and to all the army of the sky. 6He brought out the Asherah from Yahweh’s house, outside of Jerusalem, to the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and beat it to dust, and cast its dust on the graves of the common people. 7He broke down the houses of the male shrine prostitutes that were in Yahweh’s house, where the women wove hangings for the Asherah. 8He brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba; and he broke down the high places of the gates that were at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man’s left hand at the gate of the city. 9Nevertheless the priests of the high places didn’t come up to Yahweh’s altar in Jerusalem, but they ate unleavened bread among their brothers. 10He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. 11He took away the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, at the entrance of Yahweh’s house, by the room of Nathan Melech the officer who was in the court; and he burned the chariots of the sun with fire. 12The king broke down the altars that were on the roof of the upper room of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of Yahweh’s house, and beat them down from there, and cast their dust into the brook Kidron. 13The king defiled the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mountain of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon. 14He broke in pieces the pillars, cut down the Asherah poles, and filled their places with men’s bones. 15Moreover the altar that was at Bethel and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, even that altar and the high place he broke down; and he burned the high place and beat it to dust, and burned the Asherah. 16As Josiah turned himself, he spied the tombs that were there in the mountain; and he sent, and took the bones out of the tombs, and burned them on the altar, and defiled it, according to Yahweh’s word which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these things. 17Then he said, “What monument is that which I see?” The men of the city told him, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things that you have done against the altar of Bethel.” 18He said, “Let him be! Let no one move his bones.” So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet who came out of Samaria. 19All the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke Yahweh to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel. 20He killed all the priests of the high places that were there, on the altars, and burned men’s bones on them; and he returned to Jerusalem. 21The king commanded all the people, saying, “Keep the Passover to Yahweh your God, as it is written in this book of the covenant.” 22Surely there was not kept such a Passover from the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; 23but in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was kept to Yahweh in Jerusalem. 24Moreover, Josiah removed those who had familiar spirits, the wizards, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might confirm the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in Yahweh’s house. 25There was no king like him before him, who turned to Yahweh with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; and there was none like him who arose after him. 26Notwithstanding, Yahweh didn’t turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, with which his anger burned against Judah, because of all the provocation with which Manasseh had provoked him. 27Yahweh said, “I will also remove Judah out of my sight, as I have removed Israel; and I will cast off this city which I have chosen, even Jerusalem, and the house of which I said, ‘My name shall be there.’” 28Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 29In his days Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates; and King Josiah went against him, but Pharaoh Necoh killed him at Megiddo when he saw him. 30His servants carried him dead in a chariot from Megiddo, brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. The people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father’s place. 31Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 32He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, according to all that his fathers had done. 33Pharaoh Necoh put him in bonds at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. 34Pharaoh Necoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the place of Josiah his father, and changed his name to Jehoiakim; but he took Jehoahaz away, and he came to Egypt and died there. 35Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh. He exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, from everyone according to his assessment, to give it to Pharaoh Necoh. 36Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Zebidah the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. 37He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, according to all that his fathers had done.

World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org

Overview

2 Kings Chapter 23 presents a pivotal moment in the history of Judah, focusing on the reign of King #Josiah, who is celebrated for his passionate reforms aimed at restoring true worship of the Lord. After discovering the Book of the Law in the temple, Josiah is deeply moved and recognizes the need for national repentance. He gathers all the elders and people of Judah and reads the contents of the book aloud, reaffirming the covenant between God and His people. This act signifies a return to the foundational principles of their faith, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's commands (2 Kings 23:1-3).

The chapter details Josiah's extensive reforms, which include the removal of pagan idols and practices from the temple and the land. He destroys the high places, the altars of Baal, and even the bones of false prophets, demonstrating his commitment to purifying worship in Judah (2 Kings 23:4-20). Josiah also reinstates the celebration of the Passover, which had not been observed as prescribed for many years, thus restoring a vital aspect of Israel's identity and heritage (2 Kings 23:21-23). Ultimately, Josiah's reign is marked by a sincere effort to lead the nation back to God, fulfilling the prophecy of a righteous king who would bring about reform (2 Kings 23:24-25). However, despite these efforts, the chapter foreshadows the impending judgment on Judah due to their continued disobedience, highlighting the tension between divine mercy and justice.

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Referenced by

  1. 1 Kings 13:2v151 Kings 13:2 prophesies the destruction of the altar at Bethel by a king named Josiah. This prophecy is fulfilled in 2 Kings 23:15-16 when King Josiah destroys the altar, demonstrating the accuracy and fulfillment of God's word.
  2. 2 Kings 16:18v11Ahaz's removal of the Sabbath canopy in 2 Kings 16:18 is part of his alterations to the temple, which contrasts with Josiah's later reforms in 2 Kings 23:11, where he restores proper worship.
  3. 2 Kings 18:5v252 Kings 18:5 states that Hezekiah trusted in the Lord more than any king of Judah before or after him, similar to the description of Josiah in 2 Kings 23:25, highlighting their exceptional faith.
  4. 2 Chronicles 33:15-16v4Manasseh's removal of idols and restoration of the altar parallels Josiah's reforms in 2 Kings 23:4-6, showing a return to proper worship.
  5. 2 Chronicles 34:33v24Josiah's removal of idolatry and his dedication to the Lord is mirrored in both accounts, showcasing his zeal for purifying worship in Judah.
  6. 2 Chronicles 35:18v212 Chronicles 35:18 notes that such a Passover had not been observed since the days of the judges, paralleling 2 Kings 23:21-23, which also records Josiah's significant Passover celebration, underscoring his commitment to religious reform.
  7. 2 Chronicles 35:20-24v29The account of Josiah's death in battle against Pharaoh Necho in 2 Chronicles 35:20-24 is paralleled in 2 Kings 23:29-30, highlighting the tragic end of a reforming king and the consequences of his actions.
  8. Jeremiah 7:31v10Jeremiah 7:31 condemns the practice of child sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom, which King Josiah sought to abolish as recorded in 2 Kings 23:10.
  9. Ezekiel 8:14v7Ezekiel 8:14 mentions women weeping for Tammuz, a practice of idolatry, which is similar to the idolatrous practices Josiah removed in 2 Kings 23:7.
  10. Ezekiel 8:16v11Ezekiel 8:16 describes men worshiping the sun in the temple, which parallels the idolatrous practices Josiah abolished in 2 Kings 23:11.
  11. Ezekiel 19:5v31Ezekiel 19:5 refers to a lioness raising a young lion, symbolizing Jehoahaz, who was taken captive by Pharaoh Neco as described in 2 Kings 23:31-34.

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