Likely during the period of the united monarchy or early divided monarchy (10th to 9th Century BC)
The Israelites were surrounded by various hostile nations, each with their own deities and cultural practices. The psalm reflects a time of national crisis and the need for divine intervention.
Israel was often in conflict with neighboring nations such as Edom, Moab, Ammon, and Philistia. These nations sometimes formed coalitions against Israel.
The regions mentioned include Edom, Moab, Gebal, Ammon, Amalek, Philistia, Tyre, and Assyria, which surround the land of Israel.
The psalm reflects the ancient Near Eastern practice of calling upon one's deity for protection and victory in times of war. It also highlights the importance of national identity and divine favor.
Asaph
Attributed author of the psalm, a leader of one of the Levitical choirs during the time of David and Solomon.