12th Century BC (Period of the Judges)
The Israelites were in a cycle of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance during the time of the Judges. They were surrounded by various Canaanite tribes and often influenced by their practices.
There was no centralized government in Israel; instead, God raised judges to deliver the people from oppression. The Midianites were a significant oppressive force during this time.
The events occur in the region of Gilead and the Jordan River, with specific mentions of Succoth and Penuel, which are east of the Jordan River.
Tribal alliances and conflicts were common. The Israelites often struggled with idolatry and syncretism, adopting the religious practices of surrounding nations.
Gideon (also known as Jerubbaal)
Zebah and Zalmunna