Deuteronomy 21
World English Bible
WEB1If someone is found slain in the land which Yahweh your God gives you to possess, lying in the field, and it isn’t known who has struck him, 2then your elders and your judges shall come out, and they shall measure to the cities which are around him who is slain. 3It shall be that the elders of the city which is nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer of the herd, which hasn’t been worked with and which has not drawn in the yoke. 4The elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley. 5The priests the sons of Levi shall come near, for them Yahweh your God has chosen to minister to him, and to bless in Yahweh’s name; and according to their word shall every controversy and every assault be decided. 6All the elders of that city which is nearest to the slain man shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley. 7They shall answer and say, “Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it. 8Forgive, Yahweh, your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, and don’t allow innocent blood among your people Israel.” The blood shall be forgiven them. 9So you shall put away the innocent blood from among you, when you shall do that which is right in Yahweh’s eyes. 10When you go out to battle against your enemies, and Yahweh your God delivers them into your hands and you carry them away captive, 11and see among the captives a beautiful woman, and you are attracted to her, and desire to take her as your wife, 12then you shall bring her home to your house. She shall shave her head and trim her nails. 13She shall take off the clothing of her captivity, and shall remain in your house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month. After that you shall go in to her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife. 14It shall be, if you have no delight in her, then you shall let her go where she desires; but you shall not sell her at all for money. You shall not deal with her as a slave, because you have humbled her. 15If a man has two wives, the one beloved and the other hated, and they have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated, and if the firstborn son is hers who was hated, 16then it shall be, in the day that he causes his sons to inherit that which he has, that he may not give the son of the beloved the rights of the firstborn before the son of the hated, who is the firstborn; 17but he shall acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the hated, by giving him a double portion of all that he has; for he is the beginning of his strength. The right of the firstborn is his. 18If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and though they chasten him, will not listen to them, 19then his father and his mother shall take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city and to the gate of his place. 20They shall tell the elders of his city, “This our son is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey our voice. He is a glutton and a drunkard.” 21All the men of his city shall stone him to death with stones. So you shall remove the evil from among you. All Israel shall hear, and fear. 22If a man has committed a sin worthy of death, and he is put to death, and you hang him on a tree, 23his body shall not remain all night on the tree, but you shall surely bury him the same day; for he who is hanged is accursed of God. Don’t defile your land which Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance.
World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org
Overview
Deuteronomy Chapter 21 addresses several important laws and regulations that guide the Israelites in their community life and relationship with God. The chapter begins with a procedure for dealing with an unsolved murder in the land. If a body is found and the murderer is unknown, the elders of the nearest city must perform a ritual to atone for the bloodshed, symbolizing the community's responsibility for justice and purity in the land. This act emphasizes the seriousness of blood guilt and the need for the people to seek God's forgiveness and restoration, as seen in verses 1-9. The ritual underscores the importance of communal integrity and the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty over life and death. #bloodguilt #justice #atonement
The chapter then transitions to laws concerning marriage and family. It discusses the rights of a firstborn son, even if he is the child of a less favored wife, affirming the principle of inheritance and the importance of honoring the firstborn (verses 15-17). This reflects God's design for family structure and the significance of lineage in Israelite society. Additionally, the chapter addresses the treatment of a rebellious son, outlining the consequences of persistent disobedience (verses 18-21). This serves as a warning about the importance of obedience to God's commandments and the potential repercussions of straying from His ways. Finally, the chapter concludes with regulations regarding the burial of criminals, emphasizing the dignity of the deceased and the need to maintain a holy community (verses 22-23). Overall, Deuteronomy 21 provides a framework for justice, family order, and respect for life, all rooted in the covenant relationship between God and His people. #firstborn #rebelliousson #family
Referenced by
- 2 Samuel 18:9v23Absalom's hair gets caught in a tree, leading to his death, which echoes the curse of being hanged on a tree as mentioned in Deuteronomy 21:23.
- 2 Samuel 21:6v222 Samuel 21:6 involves the execution of Saul's descendants, which is related to the law in Deuteronomy 21:22-23 about hanging a man on a tree and the curse associated with it.
- Galatians 3:13v23Galatians 3:13 refers to Deuteronomy 21:23 to explain that Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, as it is written, 'Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.'
Topics in this chapter
- Justice
- Atonement
- Discipline
- Redemption
- Curse
- Family
- Inheritance
- Compassion
- Human Dignity
- Community
- Firstborn
- Holiness
- Rebellion
- Christ
- Crucifixion
- Dignity
- Fairness
- Lawgiver
- Moses
- Obedience
- Responsibility
- Sacrifice
- Capital Punishment
- City Gates
- Community Justice
- Community Responsibility
- Consequences
- Covenant
- Deuteronomy
- Elders
- Equality
- Ethical Treatment
- Family Discipline
- Forgiveness
- Heifer
- Honor
- Honor the Deceased
- Image of God
- Impartiality
- Innocent Blood
- Israel
- Judges
- Law
- Leadership in the Bible
- Leviticus
- Marriage
- Mercy
- Mosaic Law
- Parental Authority
- Parenting
- Preeminence of Christ
- Priests
- Promised Land
- Purification
- Purity
- Reconciliation
- Relationships in the Bible
- Repentance
- Respect
- Respect for Life
- Salvation
- Sanctity of Life
- Sin
- Social Order
- Women's Rights in the Bible
Related chapters
- Galatians 3CurseMosaic LawEquality
- Exodus 21Social OrderDignityImage of God
- Numbers 35Sanctity of LifeLawgiverAtonement
- Genesis 25FamilyInheritance
- 1 Chronicles 5Preeminence of ChristFirstbornFamily
- Hebrews 9PurificationAtonementInheritance
- Deuteronomy 25DignityDeuteronomyMosaic Law
- Deuteronomy 24DignityDeuteronomyMosaic Law
- Leviticus 20Sanctity of LifeMosaic LawLawgiver
- 2 Samuel 21CurseHonorRespect
- Colossians 1Preeminence of ChristImage of GodFirstborn
- Deuteronomy 22Community ResponsibilityDeuteronomyMosaic Law
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