1 Kings 12
World English Bible
WEB1Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel had come to Shechem to make him king. 2When Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it (for he was yet in Egypt, where he had fled from the presence of King Solomon, and Jeroboam lived in Egypt; 3and they sent and called him), Jeroboam and all the assembly of Israel came, and spoke to Rehoboam, saying, 4“Your father made our yoke difficult. Now therefore make the hard service of your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, lighter, and we will serve you.” 5He said to them, “Depart for three days, then come back to me.” So the people departed. 6King Rehoboam took counsel with the old men who had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, “What counsel do you give me to answer these people?” 7They replied, “If you will be a servant to this people today, and will serve them, and answer them with good words, then they will be your servants forever.” 8But he abandoned the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men who had grown up with him, who stood before him. 9He said to them, “What counsel do you give, that we may answer these people who have spoken to me, saying, ‘Make the yoke that your father put on us lighter’?” 10The young men who had grown up with him said to him, “Tell these people who spoke to you, saying, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter to us’—tell them, ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist. 11Now my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.’” 12So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king asked, saying, “Come to me again the third day.” 13The king answered the people roughly, and abandoned the counsel of the old men which they had given him, 14and spoke to them according to the counsel of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.” 15So the king didn’t listen to the people; for it was a thing brought about from Yahweh, that he might establish his word, which Yahweh spoke by Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. 16When all Israel saw that the king didn’t listen to them, the people answered the king, saying, “What portion have we in David? We don’t have an inheritance in the son of Jesse. To your tents, Israel! Now see to your own house, David.” So Israel departed to their tents. 17But as for the children of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. 18Then King Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the men subject to forced labor; and all Israel stoned him to death with stones. King Rehoboam hurried to get himself up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. 19So Israel rebelled against David’s house to this day. 20When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned, they sent and called him to the congregation, and made him king over all Israel. There was no one who followed David’s house, except for the tribe of Judah only. 21When Rehoboam had come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, a hundred and eighty thousand chosen men who were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. 22But the word of God came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying, 23“Speak to Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, saying, 24‘Yahweh says, “You shall not go up or fight against your brothers, the children of Israel. Everyone return to his house; for this thing is from me.”’” So they listened to Yahweh’s word, and returned and went their way, according to Yahweh’s word. 25Then Jeroboam built Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and lived in it; and he went out from there and built Penuel. 26Jeroboam said in his heart, “Now the kingdom will return to David’s house. 27If this people goes up to offer sacrifices in Yahweh’s house at Jerusalem, then the heart of this people will turn again to their lord, even to Rehoboam king of Judah; and they will kill me, and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.” 28So the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold; and he said to them, “It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Look and behold your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt!” 29He set the one in Bethel, and the other he put in Dan. 30This thing became a sin, for the people went even as far as Dan to worship before the one there. 31He made houses of high places, and made priests from among all the people, who were not of the sons of Levi. 32Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like the feast that is in Judah, and he went up to the altar. He did so in Bethel, sacrificing to the calves that he had made, and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places that he had made. 33He went up to the altar which he had made in Bethel on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and he ordained a feast for the children of Israel, and went up to the altar to burn incense.
World English Bible, 2020 stable text edition. Public domain; “World English Bible” is a trademark of eBible.org. eBible.org
Overview
1 Kings Chapter 12 recounts a pivotal moment in the history of Israel, marking the division of the kingdom after the reign of King Solomon. Following Solomon's death, his son, #Rehoboam, ascends to the throne. The people of Israel, feeling burdened by the heavy yoke imposed by Solomon, approach Rehoboam at Shechem, requesting relief from the oppressive taxation and labor demands. Rehoboam seeks counsel from both the older advisors who served his father and the younger men he grew up with. The older advisors advise him to serve the people and grant their request, while the younger advisors suggest he should assert his authority and increase their burdens. Ultimately, Rehoboam chooses to follow the advice of his peers, responding harshly to the people, which leads to their rejection of his rule. This decision fulfills the prophecy given to #Ahijah regarding the division of the kingdom.
The chapter continues with the dramatic split of the nation, as ten tribes of Israel reject Rehoboam and instead crown #Jeroboam as their king. Jeroboam, who had previously fled to Egypt during Solomon's reign, is now established as the ruler of the northern tribes. To prevent the people from returning to Jerusalem for worship, Jeroboam sets up two golden calves in #Bethel and #Dan, leading Israel into idolatry. This act of rebellion against God’s commandments sets a troubling precedent for the northern kingdom, which will face significant consequences for turning away from true worship. The chapter concludes by highlighting the ongoing conflict between the two kingdoms, setting the stage for future events in Israel's history.
Referenced by
- Exodus 32:4v28Exodus 32:4 describes Aaron fashioning a golden calf, which the people worship. Similarly, in 1 Kings 12:28, Jeroboam makes golden calves for Israel to worship, repeating the sin of idolatry.
- Judges 17:5v28Judges 17:5 mentions Micah making an ephod and household gods, similar to Jeroboam's establishment of idol worship in 1 Kings 12:28-30, illustrating a recurring theme of idolatry in Israel's history.
- 1 Kings 13:33-34v281 Kings 13:33-34 describes Jeroboam's continued sin of idolatry, which began in 1 Kings 12:28-30 with the establishment of golden calves, showing the persistence of sin and its impact on Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 10:4v42 Chronicles 10:4 and 1 Kings 12:4 both recount the request of the Israelites to Rehoboam to lighten the heavy yoke imposed by Solomon, highlighting the continuity of the narrative between the two books.
- 2 Chronicles 10:15v152 Chronicles 10:15 and 1 Kings 12:15 both note that the king's decision was from the Lord, fulfilling His word spoken through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam.
- 2 Chronicles 10:16v162 Chronicles 10:16 and 1 Kings 12:16 both describe the people's response to Rehoboam, leading to the division of the kingdom, a pivotal moment in Israel's history.
- 2 Chronicles 10:19v192 Chronicles 10:19 and 1 Kings 12:19 both conclude with the statement that Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David to this day, emphasizing the lasting impact of Rehoboam's decision.
- 2 Chronicles 11:4v24Both passages recount the word of the Lord coming to Shemaiah, instructing Rehoboam not to fight against the Israelites, emphasizing God's sovereignty and the division of the kingdom as part of His divine plan.
- 2 Chronicles 11:16v27The migration of those who set their hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel to Jerusalem reflects the concern in 1 Kings 12:27 about the people's loyalty shifting back to Rehoboam due to their religious commitments.
- 2 Chronicles 12:5v242 Chronicles 12:5 records the prophet Shemaiah's message to Rehoboam, which is consistent with the earlier warning in 1 Kings 12:24, where God commands not to fight against their brethren.
- 2 Chronicles 13:10v252 Chronicles 13:10 highlights Judah's faithfulness to the Lord, contrasting with Israel's idolatry as described in 1 Kings 12:25-33, where Jeroboam sets up golden calves for worship.
- Hosea 8:11v28Hosea 8:11 mentions Ephraim's many altars for sin, which connects to 1 Kings 12:28-30, where Jeroboam sets up golden calves in Bethel and Dan, leading Israel into idolatry.
Topics in this chapter
- Leadership
- Idolatry
- Division
- False Worship
- Wisdom
- Jeroboam
- Covenant
- Judah
- Kingdom of God
- Rehoboam
- Unity
- Bethel
- Counsel
- Faithfulness
- Golden Calves
- Humility
- Israel
- Jerusalem
- Kingdom Division
- Kingship
- Obedience
- Pride
- Prophecy
- Rebellion
- Shechem
- True Worship
- Wise Counsel
- Yoke
- Advice in the Bible
- Ahijah
- Burden
- Community
- Consequences
- Daniel
- Decision Making
- Discernment
- Disobedience
- Divided Kingdom
- Divine Sovereignty
- Division of Israel
- Elders
- Empathy in Leadership
- Faith
- False Religion
- Folly
- God's Commands
- God's Plan
- Holiness
- Judgment
- King
- Northern Kingdom of Israel
- Political Consequences in the Bible
- Prophecy Fulfillment
- Prophet
- Repentance
- Responsive Governance
- Servant Leadership
- Service
- Servitude
- Sovereignty of God
- Temple
- Trust
- Young Men
Related chapters
- 2 Chronicles 10Young MenAdvice in the BibleKingdom Division
- 1 Kings 11AhijahKingdom DivisionRehoboam
- 2 Chronicles 11Kingdom DivisionDivided KingdomRehoboam
- 1 Kings 14AhijahRehoboamJeroboam
- Exodus 32DisobedienceRebellion
- 1 Kings 13JeroboamFalse WorshipBethel
- 2 Chronicles 13JeroboamBethelDivision
- Hosea 8False WorshipTrue WorshipRebellion
- Judges 18DanielFalse WorshipDecision Making
- 1 Kings 15Divided KingdomJeroboamDivision
- Hosea 10False WorshipBethel
- Proverbs 11Wise CounselCounselFolly
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